Literature review spontaneou pneumothorax Essay

lit review spontaneou pneumothorax - Essay ExampleIn order to achieve this clinical ability, and add to knowledge and skills, this literature review focuses on addressing what is known about the condition, the signs and symptoms it presents, and the management of the chest drainage system which is the most common preaching for patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.Background and Definitions Spontaneous pneumothorax is partial or complete lung collapse, either without any previous trauma, or with perceptible medical causes, and occurs as a way out of the build-up of air in the pleural cavity. It is classified as primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). PSP may be present in patients in the absence seizure of any fundamental lung ailment, typically affecting, for example, a young, healthy, tall thin man. Also, a history of smoking may be associated with an increased risk of PSP. More than unrivalled third of patients with PSP relapse wi thin a few years. On the other hand, SSP is found in patients with the complications of underlying lung disorder, which include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or infectious lung disorders. The risk of recurrence in patients with SSP is higher than with PSP, due to underlying pulmonary disease (Baumann, 2006 Baumann and Noppen, 2004 Guo, Xie, Rodriguez and Light, 2005 Sheah and Peh, 2003 Roman et al, 2003 Ryan, 2005 Wakai, 2006). Symptoms Identified and Recorded in the Literature There are two main symptoms presented by spontaneous pneumothorax, namely chest pain and dyspnoea. Chest pain is the most common symptom with deference to PSP. In Seremetis study, (cited in Roman, 2003), 90% of patients with PSP presented with chest pain, which was commonly described as sharp and limited to the region of the pneumothorax, increasing with deep inhalation. Other symptoms include dyspnoea, tachycardia, decrease or absent chest movement and breath sounds in the affected area. However, patients with SSP commonly present more severe dyspnoea, making it potentially fatal. In particular, hypoxemia and hypotension female genitals be severe in COPD patients with SSP. Symptoms of SSP can be difficult to detect, due to underlying pulmonary disease (Baumann, 2006 Baumann and Noppen, 2004 Roman et al, 2003 Ryan, 2005).Treatment The most widely apply treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax is the chest drainage system, the management of which is the nurses responsibility. Therefore, it is very important that nurses know the functions of the chest drainage system and nursing interventions for managing patients. (Allibone, 2003 Lehwaldt and Timmins, 2005 Thorn, 2006). Chest drainage removes kinky accumulations of air or fluid in the pleural cavities, while preventing air or fluid returning. It is necessary to ensure that chest drainage bottles are hardened below chest level. The system includes three basic components suction control, water seal, and collecti on chambers (Allibone, 2003 Roman et al, 2003 Thorn, 2006). The suction control chamber is used to cost increase the drainage rate and lung re-expansion. The British Thoracic Society guidelines (Lehwaldt and Timmins, 2005), recommend low pressure suction, approximately -10 to -29 mmHg however, there is no consensus on the amount of suction that should be applied.